The Jews of the Hijaz claimed that they had come to settle in Arabia during the last stage of the life of the Prophet Moses (peace be upon him). Therefore, the history of the Arabian Jews is based mostly on the verbal traditions prevalent among the Arabs most of which bad been spread by the Jews themselves. In tablets that have been unearthed in archaeological research in the Hijaz, no trace of the Jews is found before the first century of the Christian era, except for a few Jewish names. They had given up the Hebrew culture and language, even the names, and adopted Arabism instead. The reason being that after their settlement in the Arabian peninsula, they had detached themselves from the main body of the Jewish nation, and the Jews of the world did not count them among themselves. They have not left any writings of their own in the form of a book or a tablet which might shed light on their past, nor have the Jewish historians and writers of the non-Arab world made any mention of them. In order to understand the subject matter of this Surah, it is necessary to know the history of the Jews residing in Madinah and Hijaz, for without it, one cannot understand the real causes behind the way the Prophet's dealt with their different tribes.Īccording to Abul A'la Maududi, no authentic history of the Arabian Jews exists in the world. In it they have been told what the real demand of the Faith is, what the real difference between piety and wickedness is, what the place and importance of the Qur'an, which they professed to believe in, is and what the attributes of God, in Whom they claimed to have believed. The last section is an admonition for all those people who had professed to have affirmed the faith and joined the Muslim community, but were devoid of the true spirit of the Faith.The attitude of the hypocrites on the occasion of this battle is reviewed and the causes underlying it are pointed out.It was the first ever occasion that the Muslims took control of a conquered territory, the law concerning it was laid down for their guidance. Guidance is provided as to how the lands and properties which came under the control of the Islamic State as a result of war or peace terms, are to be managed.An exception to the law relating to war is enunciated: "The destruction caused in the enemy territory for military purposes does not come under spreading mischief in the earth.".Those who dare to resist the power of Allah always meet with the same fate. Allah says that this happened not because of any power possessed by the Muslims but because the Jews had tried to resist and fight Allah and His Messenger. They expressed their readiness to accept banishment from their centuries old, well established settlement even though not a single man from among them was killed. A major tribe which was as strong in numbers as the Muslims, whose people boasted of far more wealth and possessions, who were by no means ill equipped militarily and whose forts were well fortified but could not stand siege even for a few days. There is an admonition to take heed of the fate that had just befallen the Bani an-Nadhir.The theme of this Surah is an appraisal of the battle against the Bani An-Nadhir which can be summarized as follows:
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